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The civil war in between the Lê-Trịnh and Mạc dynasties led to 1592, when the army of Trịnh Tùng conquered Hanoi and executed king Mạc Mậu Hợp. Survivors on the Mạc royal loved ones fled towards the northern mountains within the province of Cao Bằng and continued to rule there right up until 1677 when Trịnh Tạc conquered this